Running Head: Discussion Board Essay

1. What are a few different ways the Christian gospel is seen in our way of life? The Christian gospel is seen in our way of life as â€Å"confusion† or that Christians believe themselves to be more prominent than individuals of different religions. The one that annoys me is that Christians are frauds and that Christians state a certain something and do another. A portion of the discernment are all around grounded in light of the fact that Christians, particularly bodily Christians tend to bundle the gospel in a manner that would profit them as opposed to carrying others to ask about the expression of God. 2. What are some particular good reasons individuals may dismiss the Christian gospel? Many individuals accept that there’s no chance that Jesus could be completely human and completely God simultaneously. Some state that it is highly unlikely that God could love and spare them, being that they are negligible humans. A few people dismiss the Christian gospel in light of sexual, conjugal or political reasons. Being a Christian implies that you should hold fast to a specific good code and standard that the vast majority will decay to cling to. 3. What are some particular enthusiastic reasons individuals may dismiss the Christian gospel? Many individuals just uncertainty that all you need to do so as to be spared is to have confidence in the demise, internment, and restoration of Jesus Christ and you will be spared. To accept is to be joined by confidence and a changed brain. The vast majority have an issue having confidence in something that can’t be seen. The dread of progress is consistently troublesome when an individual has been accustomed to doing things a specific way. â€Å"But the normal man receiveth not the things of the soul of God.† (1Co. 2:14, King James Bible,) 4. What are some particular scholarly reasons individuals may dismiss the Christian gospel? Many individuals are so set on having a deep understanding of everything that when they are defied with reality of the gospelâ it’s for the most part met with incredulity. Scholarly people like thing to be legitimately introduced and the Christian gospel conveys with it the component of confidence and confidence is something that a ton of scholarly people aren’t ready to put a great deal of time into or whatever else so far as that is concerned. 5. What would christians be able to do to address these complaints and better impart the Christian gospel? Above all else the Christian gospel must not be constrained on anybody. Furthermore the most ideal approach to impart the Christian gospel is for people to see the distinction that Christ has made in your life. â€Å"Preach with gentleness and profound respect† (2 Timothy 2:25 King James form). â€Å"Believe what we are teaching†. ( Deuteronomy 6:6, King James variant). Christians ought to likewise be available to furnishing more data with the circumstance present itself.

Should or Should Not Doping Be Allowed in Sports Essay

Ought to or Should Not Doping Be Allowed in Sports - Essay Example Then again, the abuse of medications is likewise inconvenient to the strength of contending competitors. As a rule doping cheapens the trustworthiness and picture of sports. Doping has evoked horrible discussion from both the clinical and donning viewpoint. While others question where the respectability of game falls, when family unit character in sport winds up in troublesome spots when found to have utilized execution improving medications, others appreciate the utilization of execution upgrading drugs (Wiesing 168). In serious game, doping has been viewed as a dishonest endeavor that doesn't underscore the uprightness of sports. A few prominent competitors †people have had their profession tossed to the doldrums in the wake of having been seen as blameworthy of doping or offering an open expression on doping. Then again, defenders of doping guarantee that doping in sports is essential particularly for those hotshots who feel that they have to stay large and in charge and they would need to do that no matter what. The substance is that they would not have any desire to lose their popularity in sports and consequently, they resort to doping. They are good examples, symbols and adored names to their fans and that is the thing that they dread losing (Eber 345). This paper takes a gander at doping in the two settings with regards to whether it ought to be permitted or not in sports. It additionally gives applicable instances of competitors who have discarded their respectability in sports subseq uent to being found to have utilized doping substances. While doping is considered as an opposite activity to reasonable play, there are a few competitors who trust in reasonable play. Certain serious competitors weight on the requirement for reasonable play, and they are viewed as contingent cooperators in light of the fact that are guided by the qualities and standards of reasonable play. At the end of the day, they don't ingest medications since they accept their rivals don't utilize them too. The most serious issue, in any case, becomes coordination of their aims that would meander and resort to utilizing execution improving medications in rivalries (Devine 637). Doping has become a worldwide issue in light of numerous universal games world over. Most worldwide games affiliations guided by International Olympic Committee (IOC), have for quite a while chipped away at methods of halting the spread of doping, yet they have met obstruction. True to form, the presentation of testing, instruction programs and other clinical treatment, would diminish the conduct. Lamentably, the endeavors have figured out how to hold up under little organic products in light of the fact that imperceptible and all the more impressive doping strategies have come up. There are a few doping strategies

Exit Through The Gift Shop documentary film Essay

Exit Through The Gift Shop narrative film - Essay Example Grierson built up a conviction that films could assume a focal job in advancing this process.† (Alternative Perth History online source). As it were, Grierson accepted that movies have the ability to convey issues in the public eye to a more extensive crowd and can motivate them to engage with social and policy centered issues. On account of Exit Through The Gift Shop, this would imply that in the wake of seeing the film, a group of people wouldn't 'fall into the snare' of a bogus road craftsman like Guetta and would not accepting any of his product or advance his work any further to be 'workmanship'. In my basic investigations paper I contended that Banksy utilized his narrative film to unveil Thierry's deceptive investigation of road craftsmanship as he appeared to a group of people that Thierry is ‘no genuine artist’-as Banksy and other road specialists state in the film. I trust Banksy’s objective was to cause the crowd to understand that Thierry took hi s thoughts so that later on they won’t purchase his copycat craftsmanship any more. The film additionally urges us to take a gander at craftsmanship and be progressively basic in passing judgment on its worth and the craftsman's innovation. The film's general message was that what checks is the first thought of the craftsman. And yet I contend that Banksy additionally had a childish motivation behind why he made this film: to advance himself and his craft. Thus, my theory is that Banksy utilized Exit Through The Gift Shop as a component of his self-advancement system that depends on secret. With the end goal of this factious article, I distinguish my crowd to be cinemagoers who I need to persuade that Exit Through The Bookshop isn't only a narrative, yet in addition a circuitous special advert for Banksy and his craft that is 'veiled' as a narrative. Having perused various online audits of Exit Of The Giftshop by film-pundits and papers, the general assessment of writers conc urs with my explanation that Banksy likewise utilized the film to advance himself. Nonetheless, there are a few pundits who have disregarded Banksy's self-advancement in the film, or don't give it much significance. For instance, film pundit Devin Faracu alludes to this issue just to act naturally 'confusion' and doesn't call it 'self-advancement'. Rather, Faracu picks in his audit to concentrate on the significant message about road craftsmanship the film imparts: ‘Exit Through the Gift Shop chips away at a great deal of levels †as a past filled with the road workmanship scene, as a gander at an exceptionally odd Frenchman and his odd life, and as a friendly exchange on what is acceptable workmanship and what is awful workmanship. It is by all accounts a discussion that’s particularly pertinent to the road craftsmen, as they’re working in a medium that’s illicit, looked downward on and for the most part the region of estranged multi year olds. Theyâ €™re clearly accomplishing an option that could be greater than straightforward spray painting †one gander at Banksy’s bewildering and moving work on the West Bank Barrier demonstrates that.' But I contend that the film can't simply be broke down in regards to what it has done to raise the profile of road craftsmanship for the most part, yet in addition that the film should be dissected considering exposing that it is additionally an advert for Banksy himself. There are a few signs that Banksy painstakingly developed the film as a component of his self-advancement system: 1) He

How effective is cognitive behavioural therapy in treating stress-related disorders - Free Essay Example

Introduction Individuals respond to stressful events in different ways and their responses are influenced by a number of factors, such as personality characteristics or temperament, that can have an effect on the how the stressor is perceived (Anthony, Frederici, and Stein, 2009). Anxiety and stress are closely related, although stress tends to relate to a specific event or circumstances, whereas anxiety can be a non-specific, internal anticipation of something that might happen (Kahn, 2006). However, anxiety can cause stress for example, imagining the consequences of being late (anticipation). Anxiety disorders are very common and can be debilitating and chronic, with patients experiencing distress over many years. It is suggested that anxiety is multifaceted and may be caused by biological factors for example, high levels of serotonin, which is also a factor in depression. Another contributing cause to anxiety appears to be hyperactivity in the amygdala region of the brain, which results in high levels of neuroticism and anxiety. People who have a tendency towards neuroticism, for example, are more likely to experience anxiety disorders and negative emotions in response to stressors (Eysenck, 1967; Gray 1982). Psychological treatments and interventions focus on cognitive processes and behavioural responses that attempt to explain the acquisition and continuation of anxiety disorders (Anthony, et al. 2009). The aim of the following essay is to examine the efficacy of CBT interventions on treating anxiety and stress-related disorders. Anxiety Disorders The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition (DSM-V) classifies anxiety disorders into three main groups: anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD), and trauma and stress related disorders (American Psychiatric Association, APA, 2013). Anxiety disordersinclude separation anxiety disorder, phobias, social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalised anxiety disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disordersincludes hoarding disorder, while the third group, trauma and stressor-related disorders,includes post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder (DSM-V, APA, 2013). The DSM-V classifications of anxiety emphasise the relationship between disorders and therefore the possibility of comorbidity between anxiety, stress and depression (APA, 2013). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) As will be discussed in the following section, many of the stress and anxiety related conditions listed in the DSM-V category of anxiety disorders can be treated using cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). CBT aims to change negative and maladaptive thought patterns and behaviours to more positive ways of dealing with stress-related problems. Therapy is non-directive and a therapist will facilitate change through working with the client or patient to achieve a series of goals. The therapist will also challenge the clients negative beliefs and help the client develop strategies to manage their stress more effectively in the long term in order to prevent any relapses (Beck, 2011). Exposure-based CBT (Torp et al. 2015) has also been reported to be effective with young people and children. As discussed by Beck (2011) the relationship between the therapist and the patient is central to the success of the intervention, as it is necessary to have a rapport in order to sometimes discuss di fficult topics. The Efficacy of CBT in Stress-Related Disorders In their meta-analyses of 269 studies that used CBT in studies, including anxiety disorders and general stress, Hoffman, Asnaani, Vonk, Sawyer and Fang (2012) found that the most effective results were for anxiety disorders and general stress (together with bulimia, somatoform disorders and anger control). A study comparing 65 patients with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), who were randomly allocated to one of three groups CBT, relaxation techniques, and a control group of patients on the waiting list was undertaken by Dugas et al. (2010). The follow-up sessions took place 6-, 12- and 24-months after the intervention and consisted of self-report and clinician ratings. It was found that both CBT and relaxation were more effective than the control group, although long-term improvement continued only with CBT (Dugas et al. 2010). Other research has also found that CBT has been effective in generalised anxiety for example, Otte (2011) states that a number of studies have demon strated that CBT is effective for patients with anxiety conditions and states the efficacy and effectiveness of CBT in anxiety in adults appears to be well established (Otte, 2011, p.418). However, despite the positive findings, Otto also states that there are there are various methodological problems in many studies, for example studies that do not include a control group, and therefore the effect size of the intervention is more difficult to assess. CBT has also be found to be effective in anxiety disorders in children, although as Hogendoorn et al. (2014) reports there are children who do not respond and therefore greater research is necessary in order to understand the mechanism that allows some children to respond well, while other children do not. In a study that investigated childhood anxiety and depression using CBT intervention it was found that there were more positive effects for anxiety than for depression in terms of behaviour and coping strategies used by the children (Chu and Harrison, 2007). It was concluded that there are different factors involved when using CBT in the treatment of anxiety and/or depression. According to Leichsenring et al. (2013) social anxiety is a prevalent disorder that can cause severe psychosocial problems and can co-exist with other disorders such as depression. Social anxiety is characterised by an individual having a fear of social interactions and therefore affects a person ability to work and have a good quality of life (Yoshinaga et al. 2013). There have been a number of reports regarding the efficacy of CBT in treating social anxiety, although many studies have small sample sizes and are conducted in one location. In their study Leichsenring et al. (2013) assessed 495 outpatients who were randomly allocated to either CBT intervention, (n=209), psychodynamic therapy (n=207), or a waitlist control group (n=79). The patients baseline and post-treatment scores were compared using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (Liebowitz, 1987). It was found that both CBT and psychodynamic therapy were effective in treating social anxiety. Yoshinaga et al. (2013) also evaluated CBT and social anxiety in Japan using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (Liebowitz, 1987). The aim of the study was to assess whether results in Japan would be similar to those in Western countries. The intervention was over a 14 week period and measurements of social anxiety were taken before during and after the intervention. It was found that CBT was effective although there were a number of limitations in the study. The sample size was very small, with only 15 patients, which limits the generalisability of the study to other patients, particularly as it was a single-centre study. Another limitation was that the participants were mainly females, which again can limit generalisability of the findings to male patients. There was also no long-term follow-up, so the effects of CBT in preventing relapse were not assessed. Furthe rmore many patients were also taking medication which was not controlled for and may have had an effect on the results. Another stress-related condition which can cause serious impairment is OCD. The condition in adolescents and children is similar to that of adults, and OCD often begins in childhood (Torp et al. 2015). In a study undertaken in Denmark, Sweden and Norway, patients aged between 7- and 17-years diagnosed with OCD received CBT intervention in a community setting over 14 weeks. The study was an uncontrolled trial, which meant all patients received exposure CBT and were assessed using the Children Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Scahill, et al. 1997), which both children and their parents completed, as well as other measures. The children had a range of behavioural and emotional problems and the study involved therapists and health professionals who evaluated the intervention. A strength of the study was that it was undertaken in different centres in three coun tries, which means it has good generalisability. The number of participants was also relatively high, which was also a strength of the study. The professionals helped the children and their parents complete the treatment and the findings showed a high success rate which was rated independently. It was concluded by Torp et al. (2015) that exposure-based CBT is an effective treatment for OCD in community children and adolescent outpatient clinics. The severity of the symptoms decreased in the patients and some were described as being in remission. However, there were a few limitations in the study for example, the group was not ethnically diverse and the trials were not randomised (Torp et al. 2015). A final area where CBT has been found to be effective in stress-related disorders is PTSD, which is a disorder which can occur after an individual has experienced a major traumatic event. Typical symptoms include re-living the event, recurring thought of the event, avoidance, numbing and detachment and estrangement from family and other people. In looking at the efficacy of CBT in treating PTSD, Bisson and Andrew (2007) undertook a systematic review of research in which patients had been evaluated by clinicians for traumatic stress symptoms as well as self-rating by the patient of stress, anxiety and depression. Treatment included Trauma focused CBT (TFCBT), exposure therapy, stress management which included hypnotherapy and group CBT and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) and a waitlist control group with no intervention. The findings showed that TFCBT, EMDR and group CBT were all effective in treating PTSD. In the long-term TFCBT and EMDR were found to be more effective, although some of the studies were found to have methodological flaws which means the data must be interpreted with caution. After the attack on the Twin Towers in New York, the CATS consortium was established to help deal with the trauma experienced by young people and als o to assess the outcomes of the intervention using CBT. The CATS Consortium (2010) report on the efficacy of CBT being used with children and adolescents aged between 5- and 21-years who were traumatised after the attack. The young people (n=306) were allocated to one of two groups depending on the severity of their trauma. The first group involved trauma-specific CBT and the second group, brief CBT. The findings showed that for both groups there was a decrease in their symptoms and they were no longer diagnosed as having PTSD, and it was also found that the therapy could be effectively delivered in the community by trained professionals. The limitations of the study were that the design did not conform to a typical randomised controlled study and a control group was not used. The circumstances around the study were chaotic in the days after the attack and, as the authors state, the children may have improved without any treatment or intervention, which is, of course, the purpose of a controlled group. Nonetheless, the study has provided useful information regarding the use of CBT for young people after a traumatic event. Conclusion Overall, the evidence presented demonstrates that CBT is an effective intervention in a number of different stress-related conditions identified by the DSM-V (APA, 2013). Meta-analyses and systematic reviews are able to provide robust evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions using CBT, although, as has been discussed, there are a number of methodological issues with some of the studies used in meta-analyses. Some of the limitations include small sample sizes, for example, which means that generalisation to other groups is not possible. Another limitation is the lack of a control group, where, as discussed by CATS Consortium (2010), the patients who were traumatised after the attack on the Twin Towers in New York may have recovered spontaneously over time without any intervention, and this can only be observed in a control group which has no intervention. Another potential issue is the use of different measures such as self-report and clinicians measures (Dugas et al. 2 010), in comparison to other studies which used validated questionnaires such as Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (Leichsenring et al. 2013). This means that comparisons between studies are more difficult. However research using CBT has taken place in a number of different contexts and cultures for example, Norway, Sweden and Denmark (Torp et al. 2015) and also Japan (Yoshinaga, et al. 2013) and has been shown to be effective. References American Psychiatric Association, (APA, 2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V, fifth edition). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Anthony, M.M., Frederici, A. and Stein, M.B. (2009). Overview and introduction to anxiety disorders. In M.M. Anthony and M.B. Stein (Eds) Oxford Handbook of Anxiety and Related Disorders, pp. 3-18. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Beck, J.S. (2011). Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: Basics and Beyond. New York: Guildford Press. Bisson, J, and Andrew, M. (2007). Psychological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3, Art. No.: CD003388. CATS Consortium (2010). Implementation of CBT for youth affected by the world Trade Center disaster: matching need to treatment intensity and reducing trauma symptoms. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23(6), 699-707 Chu, B.C. and Harrison, T.L. (2007). Disorder-specific effects of CBT for anxious and depressed youth: a meta-analysis of candidate mediators of change. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 10, 352-372 Dugas, M.J., Brillion, P., Savard, P., Turcotte, J., Gaudet, A., Ladouceur, R., Leblanc, R. and Gervais, N.J. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 41(1), 46-58. Eysenck, H.J. (1967). The Biological Basis of Personality. Springfield, Il. Charles C. Thomas. Gray, J.A. (1982). The Neuropsychology of Anxiety. Oxford; Clarendon. Hoffman, S.G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I.J.J., Sawyer, A.T. and Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Cognitive Therapy Research, 36(5), 427-440 Hogendoorn, S.M., Prins, P.J.M., Boer, F., Vervoort, L., Wolters, L.H., Moorlag, H., Nauta, M.H., Garst, H., Hartman, C.A. and de Haan, E. (2014). Mediators of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety-disordered children and adolescents: co gnition, perceived control, and coping. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 43(3), 486-500. Kahn, A.P. (2006). The Encyclopedia of Stress and Stress-Related Diseases, (second edition). New York: Infobase Publishing Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S. Beutel, M.E., Herpertz, S., Hiller, W., Hoyer, J., Huesing, J., Joraschky, P., Nolting, B., Poehlmann, K., Ritter, V., Stangier, U., Strauss, B., Stuhldreher, N., Tefikow, S., Teismann, T., Willutzki, S., Wiltink, J. and Leibing, E. (2013). Psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy in social anxiety disorder: A multicentre randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 759-767. Liebowitz, M.R. (1987). Social Phobia. Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry, 22, 141-173 Otte, C. (2011). Cognitive behavioural therapy in anxiety disorders: current state of the evidence. Dialogues Clinical Neuroscience 13, 413-412. Price, M. and Anderson, P.L. (2011). The impact of cognitive behavioral therapy on post event processing among those with social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy 49(2) 132-137. Scahill, L., Riddle, M.A., McSwiggin-Hardy, M. and Ort, S.I., King, R.A., Goodman, W.K., Cicchetti, D., and Leckman, J.F. (1997). Childrens Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: reliability and validity. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(6) 844-852 Torp, N.C., Dahl, K., Skarphedinsson, G., Thomsen, P.H., Valderhaug, Weidle, B., Melin, K.H., Hybel, K., Nissen, J.B., Lenhard, F., Wentzel-Larsen, T., Franklin, M.E. and Ivarsson, T. (2015). Effectiveness of cognitive behavior treatment for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: Acute outcomes from the Nordic Long-term OCD treatment study (NordLOTS). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 64, 15-23. Yoshinaga, N., Ohshima, F., Matsuki, S., Tanaka, M., Kobayashi, T., Ibuki, H., Asano, K., Kobori, O., Shiraishi, T., Ito, E., Nakazato, M., Nakagawa, A., Iyo, M. and Shimizu, E. (2013). A preliminary study of individual cognitive behavioural therapy for social anxiety disorder in Japanese clinical setting: a single arm uncontrolled trial. BioMed Central (BMC) Research Notes 6, 74-81

A Report On Pneumonia Vaccine - 1786 Words

Pneumonia Vaccine Policies in Kenya Tram Nguyen Arizona State University Pneumonia Vaccine Policies in Kenya Pneumonia is a form of acute respiratory infection which is caused by a bacterium called Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pneumonia is transmitted via air-borne droplets from coughing and sneezing, and it may also spread through blood. In 2015, pneumonia killed 15 percent of all deaths in children under the age of five, becoming the leading cause of death in children all over the world (World Health Organization [WHO], 2015a). Many efforts were made to reduce the prevalence of pneumonia, including the free vaccination program in 2011 against pneumonia in Kenya, which is supported by WHO and GAVI Alliance (WHO, 2015b). However, in 2012, Kenya was still ranked among the 15 countries with the highest number of deaths caused by pneumonia, suggesting problems with the current policies (Onyango, Kikuvi, Amukoye, Omolo, 2012). This paper will evaluate these existing policies and discuss potential solutions to overcome the epidemic of pn eumonia in Kenya. Population and Geographic Area Located in Eastern Africa, Kenya lies across the equator in central Africa. Kenya is surrounded by Somalia to the east, Ethiopia to the north, Tanzania to the south, and Uganda to the west. Kenya has a young population of 45,925,301 people with 5.3 percent of the adult population living with HIV/AIDS in 2014. English and Kiswahili are two official languages in Kenya. Christianity is theShow MoreRelatedThe United Nations Children s Fund ( Unicef ) And The World Health Organization1447 Words   |  6 PagesWorld Health Organization (WHO) 1 published the report, Pneumonia: The forgotten killer of children which identified pneumonia as one of the world’s leading causes of childhood mortality accounting for one in five under-five deaths. 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Teaching Using Technological Tools For Education - 1283 Words

One of my teachers told me about her children. They use some of the technological learning tools to teach themselves and do their homework. I asked her about the experiences of her children. She said, â€Å"They learned more skills on their own. She feels her children are more active with doing their homework online. How is digital learning going to change schools and education? Is technology improving the teachers and the students? Technology such as digital learning tools, virtual learning, and full-time online schools with blended learning will continue to alter education as we know it for the better in the future. Integrating technology in the school will produce new kinds of schools. Significantly, using technological tools with†¦show more content†¦According to the Educationweek website. (2014) in the article Technology in Education,schools is The rapid and constant pace of change in technology is creating both opportunities and challenges for schools. There are many uses of technology in the classroom, however, digital tools have provided many interesting ideas by combining technology and prior knowledge. Also, technology has created new ways to teach, learn, and practice at home. Most schools are equipped with computer labs, therefore students are also able to use and implement technology inside the classroom in schools facilities and campuses. The idea of incorporating technology in the classroom aids students when doing PowerPoint presentations, using electronic forms of communication, doing homework online, and accessing their grades. For example, at LCI Houston, teachers allow us to use digital devices and computers to look for specific informati on, read articles, or look for research. Technology is actually useful for us, moreover, it can be used in many ways. Teachers can stimulate visual learners with pictures. Tactile learners can also benefit by having the ability to go up to a smart board and physically answer questions. For learners that can hear something and remember it, audio technology ranges from cd players, speakers, and websites with listening practices for group or individual instruction. Students can also hear

Freedom Fighters of India free essay sample

His brave deeds earned Vallabhbhai Patel the title of the iron man of India. For his role in the Bardoli Satyagraha, Patel came to be called the Sardar. Sardar Patel was a famous lawyer but gave up his practice in order to fight for the freedom of the country. After independence he became the deputy PM of India and played an important role the integration of India by merging numerous princely states with the Indian Union. Bal Gangadhar Tilak Bal Gangadhar Tilak was one of the firebrand freedom fighters of India. He gave the slogan- Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it. To serve the cause of freedom and countrymen Tilak founded schools and published newspapers. Tilak was famous as one of the trios- Bal, Pal and Lal. People loved him and accepted him as their leaders and so he was called Lokmanya Tilak. Ram Prasad Bismil Ram Prasad Bismil was one of those young revolutionaries who laid down their life for the sake of the motherland. While often clashing with British officials on civic issues, he did not show any interest in politics. Patel was deeply impressed when Gandhi defied the British in Champaran for the sake of the areas oppressed farmers. So Patel gave a speech in Borsad in September 1917, encouraging Indians nationwide to sign Gandhis petition demanding Swaraj—independence—from Britain. As the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India, Patel organised relief for refugees in Punjab and Delhi, and led efforts to restore peace across the nation. Patel took charge of the task to forge a united India from the British. Using frank diplomacy, backed with the option and use of military force, Patels leadership persuaded almost every princely state. Often known as the Iron Man of India or Bismarck of India, he is also remembered as the Patron Saint of Indias civil servants for establishing modern all-India services. Subhas chandra bose Subhas Chandra Bose also known as Netaji, was an Indian nationalist whose unsuccessful attempt in the waning years of World War II to liberate India militarily from British rule roused patriotic feelings in India. He was born in 23 January 1897 and he unfortunately died on August 18, 1945. Earlier, Bose had been a leader of the younger, radical, wing of the Indian National Congress in the late 1920s and 1930s, rising to become Congress President from 1938 to 1939. However, he was ousted from the Congress in 1939 following differences with the high command, and subsequently placed under house arrest by the British before escaping from India in early 1941. He turned to Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan for help in gaining Indias independence by force. [ With Japanese support, he organised the Indian National Army, composed largely of Indian soldiers of the British Indian army who had been captured in the Battle of Singapore by the Japanese. Boses effort, however, was short lived. In 1945 the British army first halted and then reversed the Japanese U Go offensive, beginning the successful part of the Burma Campaign. Boses Indian National Army was driven down the Malay Peninsula, and surrendered with the recapture of Singapore. Bose died soon thereafter from third degree burns received after attempting to escape in an overloaded Japanese plane which crashed in Taiwan, which many Indians believe did not happen. Bhagat singh Bhagat Singh was an Indian socialist considered to be one of the most influential revolutionaries of the Indian independence movement. He was born on 28 September 1907 and sacrified his life for the nation in 23 March 1931. He is often referred to as Shaheed Bhagat Singh, the word Shaheed meaning martyr in a number of Indian languages. As a teenager Singh studied European revolutionary movements and was attracted to it. He became involved in numerous revolutionary organisations, and quickly rose through the ranks of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) to become one of its main leaders, eventually changing its name to the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in 1928. Seeking revenge for the death of Lala Lajpat Rai at the hands of the police, bhagat Singh was involved in the murder of British police officer John Saunders. Together with Batukeshwar Dutt, he undertook a successful effort to throw two bombs and leaflets inside the Central Legislative Assembly while shouting slogans of revolution. Subsequently they volunteered to surrender and be arrested. Held on this charge, he gained widespread national support when he underwent a 116 day fast in jail, demanding equal rights for British and Indian political prisoners. During this time, sufficient evidence was brought against him for a conviction in the Saunders case. He was convicted and subsequently hanged for his participation in the murder. bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were sentenced to death in the Lahore conspiracy case and ordered to be hanged on 24 March 1931. Sri Aurobindo Sri Aurobindo, born Aurobindo Ghosh was an Indian nationalist, freedom fighter, philosopher, yogi, Maharishi, guru and poet. [2] He joined the Indian movement for freedom from British rule, for a while became one of its influential leaders and then turned into a spiritual reformer, introducing his visions on human progress and spiritual evolution. Sri Aurobindo studied for the Indian civil service at Kings College, Cambridge. After returning to India he took up various civil service works under the Maharaja of Baroda and started to involve himself in politics. He was imprisoned by British India for writing articles against British rule. He was released when no evidence was provided. During his stay in the jail he reputedly had mystical and spiritual experiences, after which he moved to Pondicherry, leaving politics for spiritual work. During his stay in Pondicherry, Sri Aurobindo evolved a new method of spiritual practice, which he called Integral Yoga. The central theme of his vision was the evolution of human life into a life divine. He believed in a spiritual realisation that not only liberated man but also transformed his nature, enabling a divine life on earth. In 1926, with the help of his spiritual collaborator, Mirra Alfassa (The Mother), he founded the Sri Aurobindo Ashram. His main literary works are The Life Divine, which deals with theoretical aspects of Integral Yoga; Synthesis of Yoga, which deals with practical guidance to Integral Yoga; and Savitri, an epic poem which refers to a passage in the Mahabharata, where its characters actualise integral yoga in their lives. His works also include philosophy, poetry, translations and commentaries on the Vedas, Upanishads and the Gita. But this great soul died on 5 December 1950 in Pondicherry. He got his name as the first Indian to create a major literary corpus in English. [6] swami dayanand saraswati\ Dayanand Saraswati was an important Hindu religious leader of his time. He is well known as the founder of the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement of the Vedic tradition. he was born on 12 February 1824 and unfortunately died on 30 October 1883. He was a profound scholar of the Vedic lore and Sanskrit language. He was the first to give the call for Swarajya as India for Indians – in 1876, later taken up by Lokmanya Tilak. Denouncing the idolatry and ritualistic worship prevalent in Hinduism at the time, he worked towards reviving Vedic ideologies. Subsequently the philosopher and President of India, S. Radhakrishnan, called him one of the makers of Modern India, as did Sri Aurobindo. Maharshi Dayananda advocated the doctrine of Karma (Karmasiddhanta in Hinduism) and Reincarnation (Punarjanma in Hinduism). He emphasized the Vedic ideals of brahmacharya (celibacy) and devotion to God. The Theosophical Society and the Arya Samaj were united from 1878 to 1882, becoming the Theosophical Society of the Arya Samaj. In 1883 Dayananda was invited by the Maharaja of Jodhpur to stay at his palace. Once Dayananda went to the Maharajas rest room and saw him with a dance girl named Nanhi Jan. Dayananda boldly asked the Maharaja to forsake the girl and all unethical acts and follow dharma like a true Aryan. Dayanandas suggestion offended the dance girl and she decided to take revenge. She bribed Dayanandas cook to poison him. At bedtime, the cook brought him a glass of milk containing poison and powdered glass. Dayananda drank the milk. He immediately realized that he had been poisoned and attempted to purge his digestive system of the poisonous substance, but it was too late. The poison had already entered his bloodstream. Many doctors came to treat him but all was in vain. His body was covered all over with large bleeding sores. On seeing Dayanandas suffering the cook was overcome with unbearable guilt and remorse. He confessed his crime to Dayananda. On his deathbed, Dayananda forgave him and gave him a bag of money

My Lai 4 A Book Report Essays - My Lai Massacre, William Calley

My Lai 4: A Book Report On March 16, 1968, "Charlie Company" was sent into a small Viet Cong village called (by the U.S.) My Lai 4. Their instructions by commanding officers were: "... kill every man, woman, child and animal in the village. Burn all the homes .... nothing should be walking, growing or crawling." Orders were followed, and as I read the first 65 pages of this book, I was exposed to the detailed death of 306 civilians, mostly women, small children, and old people. There was no threat to any American GIs ... there were no Viet Cong Solders in the area. I read of the rape of a 14 year old girl by twenty GIs ... in front of the parents. They were all shot after the GIs were "done with their business." This was only one of many. Most of the murders were conducted, BY ORDER OF OFFICERS, to round-up the families from their homes, forced into ditches, and shot. Women dove to cover their children. Later, children just old enough to walk crawled out from under their mutilated mothers' bodies, only to be shot as target practice by the GIs. It is later estimated that approximately 500 civilians were murdered, and (probably) no VC were in the area. I could go into detail about the killing. However, most of the book was devoted to the time before the massacre, and afterward. The officers and GIs of "Charlie Company" were introduced in the beginning of the book: the officers had been social outcasts all their life (LT. Calley Both had decided to devote their life to the military. The GIs were selected for "Charlie Company" specifically because they had all scored too low on the initial exam to be put into a regular battalions. After the massacre, nothing was done. As a matter of fact, "Charlie Company" was praised for having the "most kills" in one day. By late 1969, most of the GIs in Charlie Company were civilians again, and a few began to tell what they had seen (and participated in). A Government Investigation was called against Lt. Calley (who ordered, and participated in the murders). Some of the photographs from the massacre were published. You wouldn't believe what the civilian response was! The overwhelming public response was to drop the charges; they thought that there was nothing wrong with the massacre, OR they didn't believe it really happened. As a matter of fact, Lt. Calley had become a hero as an AMERICAN! There was a hugely- supported donation drive to pay for Calley's legal fees. The final outcome: nothing. Calley was demoted to a Army "Office Job" after the murders were proved. The soldiers of Charlie Company went on with life, most of whom are/were suffering mental disorders from the scaring event. Calley's officer above him (who REALLY gave the initial orders) was never investigated, though it was proven that he also participated in the massacre. The author, Seymour M. Hersh, wrote (I read that book 3 years ago), which is credited with having a major influence on this country's decision to stop production of biological weapons. Mr. Hersh began his journalism career as a police reporter for the city news bureau in Chicago, and later covered the Pentagon for the Associated Press. Mr. Hersh was press secretary for the Senator Eugene McCarthy early in his campaign for Democratic Presidential nomination. He won a special George Polk Memorial Award in February, 1970, and the Worth Bengham Prize in March, 1970, for his reporting on the My Lai 4 massacre. He is married and lives in Washington, D.C. As I have read 2 books by this man, I feel that he provides some really good, controversial information. He has obviously done a lot of studying. From the information I could find on him, I cannot determine if he has had any past occurrences that motivated him to find out about atrocities of war. However, he may be like me .... and has a bit of compassion for others, and hates to see others hurt by unnecessary wars! In the preface of this book, Mr Hersh made a point to outline his sources. Everything

An insight into baroque and rococo art essays

An insight into baroque and rococo art essays During the baroque period of great theatrical energy, and a dramatic use of light, scale, and balance, French artists adopted Italian Renaissance ideas but made them their own; by the end of the seventeenth century, France had began to take the lead in European art. Early eighteenth-century France, the heavy theatrical qualities of Italian Baroque art gradually gave way to the decorative Rococo style, a light, playful version of the Baroque. The curved shapes of shells were copied for elegantly paneled interiors and furniture, and they influenced the billowing shapes found in paintings. The enthusiastic sensuality of the Rococo style was particularly suited to the extravagant and often frivolous life led by the French court and aristocracy. Some of the movement, light, and gesture of the Baroque remained, but now the effect was one of lighthearted abandon rather than dramatic action or quiet repose. Rococo paintings provided romantic versions of life free from hardships, in which cou rtships, music, and festive picnics filled the days. The conversion of Saint Paul is a fantastic example of the Baroque period in all its glory, encompassing many of its characteristics. In the oil on canvas piece, painted in 1601, The Conversion of Saint Paul, Caravaggio used light to imply a blinding flash, symbolizing the evangelists conversion: And suddenly there shined around him a light from heaven: and he fell to the earth (Acts 9:3). The figure of Paul, in Roman dress, is foreshortened and pushed into the fore-ground, presenting such a close view that we feel we are right there. In keeping with the supernatural character of the spiritual events he portrayed, Caravaggio evoked a feeling for the mystical dimension within the ordinary world. He wanted his paintings to be accessible and self-explanatory, and for this purpose he brought the emotional intensity of his own rowdy life to the stories of the bible....

PAPER 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PAPER 1 - Essay Example However, one thing to note is that international relations have existed as long as states and that states are sovereign and are guided by informal rules in their relations. The purpose of this paper is to describe an international event of conflict or cooperation that has occurred since 1980, and evaluate it using theoretical approaches to international relations. There are many theories such as realism, liberalism/idealism, constructivism, Marxism and feminism, but the paper will focus on liberalism and Marxism. First, a brief summary of the international event will be given in order to understand how, where and when it occurred and to explain how it can be understood as an international event. Secondly, theories of international relations (liberalism and Marxism) will be used to discuss the reasons why the event occurred. This will give the roles played by the state, non-state actors, multinational corporations, etc. Thirdly, strengths and weaknesses of the two theories in explaini ng the event will be evaluated and a conclusion made about which theory is the most effective in explaining the event. ... Both first world and third world economies were not spared and are still recovering from the effects of the crisis. The crisis began due to an asset bubble bursting. Economists have blamed the event on monetary policy failure and deregulation of financial institutions, but international relations theorists have different versions of the reasons for the crisis. Financial institutions were not mitigating risks but instead making risky investments in form of mortgage backed securities (Davies, 2010). Housing prices had gone up and the government through mortgage lenders Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac was encouraging low income earners to take up mortgages at low interest rates. The financial institutions saw an opportunity to gain and thus gave mortgages even to subprime borrowers. Mortgage brokers sold the mortgage to banks which, in turn, bundled it into products which they securitized. They borrowed money from other banks to buy mortgages and securitize thus high earnings. The interests were later to rise and home owners were unable to pay mortgages, leading to mass repossession of houses and the housing bubble burst (Kolb, 2010). Financial institutions could not lend to borrowers anymore, leading to a credit crunch and slow economic growth. Financial institutions such as Northern Rock, Lehman Brothers and Merrill Lynch collapsed. Other casualties were insurance companies and stock markets due to falling share prices. A $700 bailout was offered by the Bush administration among other measures, but the economy was badly affected (Davis, 2010). Credit tightening and massive bailouts by US, UK and other western countries were a blow to third world countries that rely on foreign aid for development.

Write about how wars affected the art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Write about how wars affected the art - Essay Example and ending in 1918 witnessed some great Artwork of Sigmund Freud, who was the founder of a new art related movement named Surrealism, in which artists tried to portrayed the dreamy and subconscious thoughts of people controlled and impacted by war situation in a lifelike manner. A new style of art was formed by Pablo Picasso named as Cubism, and this style covered bold, geometric and sharp angles in artistic works. The arts during civil war i.e. from 1861 to 1865 was shaped and excelled by numerous artists like McNeill Whistler, who created extremely beautiful art based on the impact of French impressionism by using oils and drawings. Albert Pinkham Ryder created the idealistic artistic work by using various effects of emotions. Thomas Eakins focused on presenting extra ordinary sensitive works based on psychological impacts of wars. Among all these wonderful arts Winslow Home also contributed his works based on portraying landscapes and seascapes via watercolors (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2011) The beginning era of revolutionary civil war also witnessed some breakthroughs of arts that involved energy and self confidence of American nation via art and represented it in form of strong builders. The war had string impacts on artistic works on all kinds and brought new breakthroughs in every

The management of salivary gland infection Essay

The management of salivary gland infection - Essay Example The management of these two types of salivary gland infection is possible with certain preventive measures and treatments. In certain cases, treatment is not required for curing these infections. The acute bacterial infection of the salivary glands occurs because of two important physiological mechanisms. Firstly, there are certain bacteria present in the oral cavity. Due to poor oral hygiene, the salivary duct and parenchyma tissue inhabited by these bacteria is contaminated which results in the infection. Secondly, the obstruction of salivary gland results in the stasis of salivary flow through the ducts and parenchyma promotes acute suppurative infection. The bacterial infection can affect any of the three pairs of the salivary glands however the most commonly affected gland is the Parotid gland. Several physiological and anatomic factors attribute to the predilection of the Parotid gland's infection. The composition of the Parotid gland secretion is completely different from that of the submandibular and sublingual glands. The saliva secreted by the Parotid gland is serous while that of the other two glands have higher proportion of mucinous material. The kind of saliva secreted by the other two glands contains lysosomes and IgA antibodies, which serve an antimicrobial function in protecting these glands from the bacterial infection. Mucins also contain sialic acid, which agglutinates bacteria, preventing its adherence to host tissues. Finally, specific glycoproteins found in mucins bind epithelial cells, competitively inhibiting bacterial attachment to these cells. There are certain anatomic factors as well that contribute to the p redilection of the parotid gland's infection. Stensen's duct lies adjacent to the upper mandibular molars, whereas Wharton's ducts rests on the floor of the mouth near the tongue. Tongue mobility may prevent salivary stasis in the area of warton's ducts, reducing the rate of infections involving the submandibular gland. The submandibular gland is more prone to bacterial infection rather than the sublingual gland in spite of its composition. Sialothiasis can produce mechanical obstruction of the duct, resulting in salivary stasis and subsequent bacterial infection. Calculus formation is associated frequently with acute bacterial infections of the submandibular gland because Wharton's duct is far more likely to harbor a calculus than stensen's duct.85 % to 90% of salivary calculi is located in the submandibular duct. Submandibular secretions are more mucinous than parotid secretions and therefore more viscid. They are also more alkaline containing a higher percentage of calcium phosphates. These characteristics contributes to the formation of submandibular calculi, despite the submandibular gland's predisposition for calculus formation. The parotid gland remains the most common site of acute suppurative salivary infection. Sialography, a method used for diagnosis of the internal structure of the salivary gland can also result in the infection of the submandibular glands rather than sublingual glands. There are small and numerous sublingual ducts which may not allow the catheter to enter unless there are anatomic variations.[ Bailey, Byron , Healy, Gerald ., Johnson, Jonas , Jackler, Robert , Calhoun, Karen , Pillsbury, Harold ,

Censorship :: essays research papers

Censorship and the Internet Biram Mboob London School of Economics B.mboob@lse.ac.uk "Inevitably, being an uncontrolled system, means that the Internet will be subjected to subversive applications of some unscrupulous users." (Kershaw) The concept of the Internet was created in answer to a strategic problem faced by the United States government during the Cold war era. A nuclear attack would easily disrupt a traditional computer network and hence make communication impossible. The solution was found in a new type of network. A network where all nodes would be equal in status, that is to say each could send and receive messages. The resulting projects were the first steps towards the birth of the Internet, as we know it. Today, the Internet consists of several parts, which include the World Wide Web, FTP, IRC, News groups, Gopher, WAIS, Archie, and Email. The Internet is continuing to grow at a rate of 40% a year, with roughly 20 million users to date. Over the past few yea rs, the issue of Internet censorship has been subject to an unprecedented amount of controversy. Both sides of the debate present very strong arguments about why the Internet should or should not be censored. The point most often brought forward by advocates of Internet censorship is that â€Å"inappropriate† material can all too easily land in the hands of children via this powerful new medium. â€Å"Inappropriate† mostly describes the sexually explicit and racist material that is easily found on the Internet. The debate that currently rages however centres mainly on pornographic material. The essay is divided into three content-based sections. The first section examines the data that is available about pornography on the Internet. Conclusions on significance of the data are offered. Section two examines the legal issues and difficulties surrounding the idea of censorship. The final section discusses alternative ways of protecting children from pornography and offers a final conclusion on the attributes of the problem and the suggestion of a solution. Censorship of Internet is a big issue and not much of it can be covered in an essay at this level. The essay deliberately focuses only on pornography. While many aspects had to be left out and others discussed minimally, the result of this essay remains a brief synopsis of relevant issues and conclusions on these issues. Section 1 In early 1995, a research team at the Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania released one of the most revealing studies into online pornography.

Medical Field

Chiropractic surgeons perform procedures you may have heard of such as heart bypass surgery, heart valve repair/replacement and an also be involved with operative procedures to treat ailments such as lung cancer and emphysema, and chest trauma. .NET- Or tautology's, concentrates on the ear, nose and throat. .NET surgeons treat a diverse range of problems from hearing loss to tumors, thyroid disorders and even cosmetic procedures such as rhinestones (surgery on the nose). They are concerned with some of the most important sensory areas and help patients with problems hearing, smelling, tasting and speaking.General Surgery- General surgeons broadly speaking deal with the abdominal organs and the torso. Surgeons usually develop a sub-specialty of this wide ranging area of surgery, such as trauma, collaborate, upper Castro-intestinal, habitability, breast or endocrine surgery. General surgery is one of the most common specialties. Neurosurgery- Disorders that affect the nervous system, i ncluding the brain, spinal column and cord and other nerves throughout the body, are often treated surgically by neurosurgeons.They frequently operate on conditions like brain tumors and aneurysms, head injuries, severe back injuries and other spinal defects or diseases. Ophthalmology- Ophthalmologists examine, diagnose and treat medical and surgical robbers of the eye. These can include eye injuries, infections, tumors and cataracts. Oral and Monomaniacal Surgery- This specialty, sometimes known as oral and ‘Max fax' surgery, requires both a medical and a dental degree from university. MOBS focuses on the mouth, Jaws, face and neck and surgeons deal with Injuries, diseases and defects of these areas.Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery- These specialists deal with the restoration and development of bones, joints and muscles and sometimes concentrate on a particular area such as sports injuries, upper limbs, hips and knees or feet and ankles. There are more trauma and orthopedic surg eons than most other specialties. Pediatric Surgery- Infants and children can often require specialist surgical treatment, usually provided by pediatric surgeons, who deal with neonates through to teenagers and frequently treat cases such as congenital abnormalities (present at birth), trauma, cancers and urological problems.Plastic Surgery- Plastic surgeons work on all parts of the body with the primary aim of restoring function and appearance. They repair and reconstruct damaged skin and tissue. Sometimes their work can be cosmetic, or aesthetic, and performed on patients who choose to have procedures to enhance heir appearance. Urology- This specialty concentrates on the urinary tract of men and women and on the reproductive system of men. Some of the disorders and Vascular Surgery – This specialty concentrates on the vascular system (arteries and veins). The specialty evolved from general and cardiac surgery.Some of the disorders vascular surgeons deal with include deep v ein thrombosis, varicose veins and Lymphoma. Surgery is an extremely rewarding but competitive career choice. Training to become a surgeon can be a long and challenging process, and surgeons need to be very driven and passionate in order to succeed. A surgeon's time is not Just spent in the operating theatre working on anesthetized patients; they also spend a great deal of time in outpatient treatment rooms assessing and preparing patients for surgery, and on hospital wards seeing patients before and after surgical treatment.Good communication skills are essential, as surgeons must build good rapport with patients as well as work effectively with other hospital and medical staff (such as nurses, physicians and anesthetists). To become a successful surgeon, you will need to enjoy learning and be prepared to learn new skills and techniques throughout our career. You will also need to be a good teacher, and be able to share your skills with younger and less experienced surgeons as you progress throughout your career.In short; surgeons work hard, but the work most often improves, enhances or saves other people's lives, which as you can imagine is incredibly rewarding. After University Beyond your years at medical school, you can look forward to many further years of training to become a surgeon! Immediately after finishing medical school, all graduates are required to work for two years as foundation doctors, which involves ark in a hospital, and sometimes in a GAP surgery doing several different rotations, in both medicine and surgery.Most foundation doctors will have decided by the end of their foundation years which specialty they wish to pursue and at this stage will begin applying for training posts. After completion of two to three ‘core' training years, and having successfully passed the MRS. examination, surgical trainees then begin several years of working and training to acquire all the skills necessary to pass their surgical fellowship examination s (FRI.) and become a consultant in their specialty.

Myths around Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol

DUI’s have been on the rise in the past few years, therefore there have been many myths on how to not obtain a DUI or a DWI. New York became the pioneer state in which, they made to first drunk driving laws in 1910, followed shortly after California then the other forty-eight states followed. These DUI laws stated that a driver could not operate a vehicle while under the influence, although intoxication was not defined by legislature at this period of time. Then in the 1930’s committees wanted to make the roads safer. So The American Medical Association started a committee that studied the most common issues that lead to accidents. Also the National Safety Council created a study that determined intoxication, they reached a conclusion that a Blood Alcohol Content above 0.15 was intoxicated and anything under a person was sober, this became the first legal limit for BAC in 1938. Although as time progressed the laws became stricter, this was due to various groups that pet itioned against drunk driving. The pressure from these organizations led to changes, such as raising the legal drinking age to twenty-one years of age, which was required for all states, yet drunk driving laws was not required by all police departments at this time. Then the legal limit was lowered to 0.10 from 0.15, then once lowered again to our legal limit we have to which is 0.08. The first myth to bust is the various amounts of ways someone can fool a Breathalyzer. The Breathalyzer is a small handheldShow MoreRelatedThe Use Of Alcohol By Minors Starts At Home With Parents And Caregivers1550 Words   |  7 Pageswas an accident on Route 5, a head on collision. Her son was driving while intoxicated. He swerved into the other lane, right into oncoming traffic. The driver of the other car didn’t make it. She died on impact. Her son was on his way to the hospital, he lost a lot of blood. They didn’t know if he would make it either. No parent wants to get this phone call, to hear that their child has harmed another or that they are dying due to alcohol and bad decisions. It is heartbreaking and tragic, and it isRead MoreWhy Crimes Are Committed969 Words   |  4 Pagessuccessive studies, as well as in different cities around the United States. Another subject that both books cover is drunk driving. In every state and almost every jurisdiction, the sale of alcoholic beverages is legal. Driving while under the influence is not, however. The Criminology textbook maintains that every year, individuals over the age of 14 drink more alcohol than they do milk or coffee (Criminology 367). 50% of the 10.1 million alcohol drinker engage in binge drinking and half ofRead MoreThe Consequences Of Accepting An Invitation For Happy Hour? Alcoholism1332 Words   |  6 Pagesdrinking of alcohol leading to psychological and physical dependence or addiction† (â€Å"Alcoholism†). Drinking while driving is against the law and an arrestable offense. Many argue that drinking alcohol moderately, in a safe environment will not cause harm. Despite this, it is more complicated when people drink without limiting themselves which can lead to hostility and long-term effects on the brain and the people in your life. People should no t drink alcohol because it can cause drinking and driving whichRead MoreDriving Under the Influence4388 Words   |  18 PagesRunning head: Driving While Intoxicated Driving While Intoxicated SIM American University-Online Instructor Paul Jake Table of Contents Abstract 3 Driving While Intoxicated 4 DWI Offenders 5 Statistics 5 Type of Crime 7 Identifying 8 Facts and Myths 9 Sanctions and Counter Measures 10 Current Sentencing 11 Cost 12 Court 14 Current Preventions 15 Proposed Solutions 15 Read MoreDrunk Driving Essay1042 Words   |  5 PagesDrunk Driving is an genuine issue that proceeds on take many passing’s every year. A really a lot of people existence have been lost to drunk driving crashes. An passing from drunk driving doesnt just influence the victimized person yet all the it influences Everybody around them for example, such that crew and companions. You quit offering on that one night, person drink, one confuse is every last bit it takes to drunk driving on make its toll. There are a lot of people answers for forestall drunkRead MoreResearch on the Legalization of Marijuana Essay examples3086 Words   |  13 Pagesmarijuana and alcohol in combination. Alcohol has already proven to be a lethal drug, especially when driving, but together with marijuana, the effects are much greater than either drug alone. As in a comparison between both of them, alcohol has many more damages to the human body and mental psyche than marijuana. Both drugs can become dependent upon, and the effects can be life destroying. Alcohol, as a physical harm places stress upon the body that could make it react by not eating. Alcohol depletesRead MoreThe Myths Of Legalizing Marijuana1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe Myths of Legalizing Marijuana A controversial social topic surrounding our time has been the issue of legalizing marijuana for recreational purposes. Cannabis sativa, also known as marijuana, was classified by the United States government as a class I drug in 1970, which means that it is against the law to possess and distribute this illegal substance (Source 2). However, in recent years, many states have made marijuana more accessible for medical and recreational use. States such as ColoradoRead More Legalize It: The Necessity For Marijuana Law Reform Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pagesillegal settings, I can say that the title â€Å"illegal drug† should not apply to cannabis. The reason that I believe this is because I do not feel that marijuana is a threat to my personal safety, nor is it a threat to the safety of people that are around me if I was to be smoking it in their vicinity. I am not a violent person, and do not consider myself to be a criminal based on what plants I have smoked. While I belie ve that cannabis should be legalized in every way, there are some people thatRead MoreThe United States Should Lower the Legal Drinking Age to Eighteen1930 Words   |  8 PagesThe current policy that the United States has in effect criminalizes youth who consume alcohol at less than twenty one years of age. Young adults are going to drink under twenty one, so why shouldn’t the United States lower the MLDA to eighteen? Following Prohibition in 1933, many states made their MLDA twenty one. During the 1960’s and 1970’s, many states lowered it to eighteen to match the drafting age (Alcohol Policy MD). President Reagan passed The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 whichRead More The Problem of Teen Alcoholism in the United States Essay3674 Words   |  15 Pages Teen alcoholism is a problem that has been plaguing the United States for many decades now. The legal age for alcohol consumption is twenty-one years old in every state of the United States, but th is law is commonly broken. The fact that it has not been strictly enforced caused an outbreak of alcohol consumption between minors all over, and because of this, we have been accepting teenage drinking more than ever. The problem lies in the lack of law enforcement, the acceptance by parents and guardians

Example Sociology Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1172 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Sociology Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Question 2 What impact has social policy in Britain had on minority ethnic groups? One of the greatest challenges for social policy in Britain has been to encompass minority ethnic groups, and in many ways it has failed to achieve this. Bochel points out that for many years social policy has been reluctant to recognize ethnic diversity, intending to be universal in character, so the issue of race has long been overlooked. This has had a significant impact on minority ethnic groups as the discrimination that they most definitely suffer in the labour market and in the community has not been properly addressed. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Example Sociology Essay" essay for you Create order Research has shown that men and women from ethnic minority groups are twice as likely to be unemployed as white Britons, and other social indicators echo this pattern. Ethnic minorities are also more likely to undertake low-paid, low-skilled work, and the vicious circle that stems from this inferior housing, poorer living standards, and substandard schools in deprived areas is actually partly caused by the welfare state system, which institutionalises this discrimination. The unique problems faced by ethnic minorities must be addressed individually, and until recently social policy has failed to do this. Furthermore, the emphasis on tackling crime that has underpinned New Labours social policy and that of the previous Conservative governments has impacted on ethnic minorities due to the often discriminatory nature of initiatives to cut crime. The stop and search programme is unfairly targeted toward black youths, to the extent that many believe being black is tantamount to a social problem (McGhee, 2005). Such flaws in British social policy have undoubtedly contributed to a growing sense of isolation amongst ethnic minority groups, and thus it could be argued that social policy is often more harmful than beneficial. Question 3 What are the essential characteristics of conservative welfare states? Given that welfare states are normally associated with left of centre governments, and the supposed hostility of conservative right wing parties toward high levels of state intervention, the term conservative welfare states seems somewhat of an anomaly. Nonetheless, there are definite examples of conservative states that not only refrain from fighting the welfare state but actually encourage the dependence of citizens on the government. This can be traced back to the Bismarckian corporatist system of 19th century Germany, in which it was seen as in the interests of the state to look after the welfare of its citizens. This type of welfare state (in its extreme form) is less about reducing inequality and improving citizens lives than it is maintaining the status quo a hierarchical system based on a culture of dependence (Esping-Anderson, 1990). Conservative welfare states are often religious and/or nationalist in nature, with a strong emphasis on family values. Epitomising suc h characteristics is arguably George Bushs current reign. Despite initial cuts in public expenditure, government spending has actually increased faster under Bush than it did under Bill Clinton, with an increase of almost 33%. The religious aspect of Bushs conservative system is illustrated with reference to his 2001 pledge to give billions of dollars to faith-based charities. Accepting the inevitability of big government (and thus the end of Conservative emphasis on cutting spending), the republican government under Bush has prioritised public spending partly according to religious preferences. Therefore, a conservative welfare state is one which uses welfare as a control mechanism, to advance a particular way of thinking for instance religion, nationalism on its citizens. Question 4 What have been the most significant changes in the size and use of public social expenditure in the UK in the past 30 years? The 1970s certainly marked a watershed in British history with regard to the welfare state; however, to claim that the past 30 years has witnessed a roll-back of the state and a decline in public spending is at best too simplistic and at worst incorrect. In fact, research has shown that from the late 1970s, public spending as a proportion of GDP has remained fairly stable. Thatcher certainly espoused the merits of small government and individualism and bemoaned the high levels of government spending associated with the economic crises of the 1970s, but the welfare state had become entrenched in British society, practically to the point of no return. There have, though, been significant changes in the use of public spending, as governments have been forced to re-prioritise spending (Alcock et al). For example, spending on education has increased in the past 30 years, whereas the Conservative and New Labour governments have attempted to tighten their budgets in the area of inco me support through an increase in means testing for benefits. NHS spending has also increased significantly under Labour following the 1999 Comprehensive Spending Review, by approximately 4.7% annually (Alcock et al). Ultimately, governments in the past 30 years have strived to improve the efficiency of public services, and this has accounted for the changes in the use of public social expenditure. Question 5 What was distinctive about the classic welfare state in Britain from the 1940s to the 1970s? Although it is important not to overlook the pre-1940 foundations upon which the welfare state was built, one cannot deny that the concept of the welfare state was most fully realized in Britain between 1940 and 1970. Building on the strong sense of collectivism that characterized the war years, the public and the government alike reached the consensus that state intervention was necessary to ensure that Britain would meet its full economic potential. It is widely regarded that the subsequent policies stemmed from a combination of the economic philosophy of John Maynard Keynes and the social philosophy of William Beveridge. The fact that a basic framework of social policy emerged for the first time was distinctive because it complemented the political and economic rights afforded to citizens from the turn of the century. Moreover, it represented the beginning of a rights-based citizenship in Britain (Alcock et al). It was also effectively the first time since the development of political parties that the common good of the nation prevailed over partisan differences. Asa Briggs classic essay identified three principal elements of the welfare state which were distinctive from the pre-war period. The aim was to ensure the guarantee of minimum standards (including income), social protection by the state at times of need and the provision of services at a maximum level (Briggs, 1985). Another distinctive factor was that this protection was to be universal unlike the poor laws of the Victorian times, access to welfare was to be free at the point of delivery for all, without the stigma previously attached to welfare support. Of course, the ideal of the welfare state was never truly realized and disagreements regarding policy were common, but the consensus that emerged from the Second World War undoubtedly marked a major turning point in British history regarding the development of social policy. References Alcock, C. Introducing Social Policy, Harlow: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004. Bochel, H. Social Policy: Issues and Development, Oxford University Press, 2005 Briggs, A. The Collected Essays of Asa Briggs, Harvester Press, 1985 Esping-Anderson, G. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Cambridge, 1990 McGhee, D. Intolerant Britain, Open University Press, 2005

The Epic Of Inferno And William Shakespeare s Play King Lear

Dante Alighieri’s epic poem Inferno and William Shakespeare’s play King Lear are works that examine human suffering. They delve into the very depths of the good and bad of mankind through the lives of various characters. Two characters in particular, Dante the Pilgrim from Inferno and Edmund from King Lear suffer from the corruption of their societies, but in time, they each come to realize their own hand in their sufferings. The characters begin their stories with desires to end their pain, but they follow different pathways to reach their goals. Dante follows his reason out of despair and into the light while Edmund scorns society and embraces his sinful nature to conquer his pain. First, the sufferings of the characters must be examined. Much of Dante’s pain is a result of his own sin while Edmund initially suffers at the hands of an unjust society. The suffering sinners that Dante views bring their punishments on themselves by following instincts, fulf illing desires, and hurting others. In turn, Dante suffers through his misplaced pity of the punished souls. As he travels throughout Hell, he realizes that the souls created their own Hell in both life and in death. This revelation forces Dante to confront the psychological pain that his own sins inflict while on earth. When the poem begins, Dante â€Å"had wandered off from the straight path,† and he later learns in Hell that his sinful actions are at fault (Dante 1.3). To rid himself of his own suffering, Dante

Plight of U.S. Farmers and Workers Free Essays

The structure and style of politics in the late nineteenth century were evolving based on what party held power in our government. Social, religious, ethnic and regional factors determined party ties but third parties were emerging. Consider the conditions In America on the eve of the 20th Century. We will write a custom essay sample on Plight of U.S. Farmers and Workers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Write a minimum of two paragraphs for the following discussion prompt: What problems did U. S. Farmers and workers face In the sass and how did they try to solve them? The prices of the crops were falling and were at an low and there wasn’t end in sight due to things as of the weather and other death rising factors like materials being over produced in the North and the East while the West and the South struggled. Goldfield, 2014) This added so much hardship for so many farmers that most could not afford to pay for the cost for using the railroad to ship their goods and as crops failed, It made It Impossible for the farmers to pay off their debts and many farmers lost their farms, lands, crops and all other sources of income forcing many onto sharecropping, (Goldfield, 2014) This led a need for change and people started looking for other options. They pleaded for help from the Government, but showing that they cared little to none and by doing nothing to help the people left planning and coming up with their own solution, â€Å"Farmers Alliance† (Goldfield, 2014) This was a big playoff with so much against such Like many to most people were still separated by race and neither could grow past the pettiness to try to think of even helping each there with such preformed alliance and even with such like economic and political reform smoothly for most more deeper separation based on race. Made this a long sighted has black farmers, including the leaders that were colored and section of the Farmers Alliance were killed an of the Farmers Alliance that came followed by depression and it was one out for themselves. The Government had no control with more violence that ruled the people and the streets. The railroad had over expended, hundreds of banks closed, along with thousands of businesses. (Goldfield, 2014) Since o much money stopped flowing at one time there was no way for the economy to come back to life. In order for the depression to end, the people needed jobs and they needed farms that could support the Nation. They had to have banks that could provide lines of credit to get the Nation Jump started. With the fall of the economy In other Nations only added to our turmoil and they cost too much to use as export markets. Which Is reason exporting trade system came right with or after. References Goldfield, D. , Abbot, C. Anderson, V. Reselling,J. Argentines, P, Barney (2014). How to cite Plight of U.S. Farmers and Workers, Papers

Contemporary Issues in Business Symptom of the European Crisis

Question: 1. The identification and justification of a contemporary issue in business for investigation. This issue should be consistent with your programme title and level 6 study (worth 20 marks); 2. The development of a coherent and critical literature review consistent with the identified contemporary business issue drawing on both academic and practitioner sources (worth 40 marks);3. The development of a coherent and critical synthesis of the academic and practitioner literature resulting in the identification of best practice with respect to the management of the identified contemporary issue in business. Answer: Introduction Various contemporary issues are faced by a business and the problem mainly includes the legal and the technological issues. The withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU) is termed as Brexit. The British will exit from EU, and that is the reason it is termed as Brexit. The new local developments are abreast by the firm planners. Uncertainty has been created after the UK made the decision to leave the EU as the Tech companies which are based in the UK normally employ the nationals from EU (DesJardins McCall, 2014). The report mainly provides a newsworthy introduction to the business environment in the UK. The aim of the report is to provide a basic understanding of the theory and the factors that lead to the contemporary issues. The European Union that is EU is the largest trade partner of the UK which accounts for half of the exports and imports in UK. The economy of the UK is also affected by the EU membership, and it leads to lower barriers to trade. However, if UK leaves EU, it will result in less trade between the UK and the EU which, is mainly due to higher tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade (Koutrakos, 2016). In the long-run one of the contemporary issues that will be faced in the UK, business is the slower productivity growth. The foreign direct investment and the economic regulation in the UK will also be affected if the UK leaves the EU. The yearly net immigration has more than doubled from the EU which reached almost 183,000 in the year 2015 (Green et al., 2016). The future relationship between the UK and the EU will decide the power of the UK to restrict immigration. In order to retain the full access to the single market, the UK needs to allow the free trade between the UK and the EU. More than of the exports in the UK depend on the EU. As a result, more than 63 percent of the UK goods exports of the multinational companies are associated with the EU membership (Dustmann Frattini, 2014). Identification of contemporary business issue One of the primary sources of concern related to the businesses in Britain is the possibility that the UK might leave EU that is the European Union. This will, in turn, damage the UK economy as well as the business in UK. As a result, the regulatory divergence will get increased over the time which in turn will reduce the volume of trade in the UK. This will have an impact on the businesses that has invested in the Europe and also the trading that takes place in the UK. The UK will have the probability of striking new trade deals based on the domestic precedence. However, the country will have a lower priority in other countries as compared to that of EU (Eleftheriadis et al., 2016). Year Imports from EU/Total imports Exports to EU/Total Exports 1975 45% 43% 1985 55% 53% 1995 51% 55% 2005 48% 52% 2015 45% 50% Figure: The imports from and the exports to EU (Source: Foundation, 2016) The quantitative model is considered in this case to show the estimate of how leaving EU will affect the multinationals in the UK regarding trade. The Multinationals in the UK would end up with little control over the financial rules if they leave EU. The single market in EU employs three tools in order to increase the trade in UK. It is mainly done by eliminating the tariff on the goods. It also reduces the cost of the probable exporters (Darvas, 2016). The EU generates minimum authoritarian standards and as a result, it requires all the member states to allow goods that meet the terms of the criteria. The multinational company in the UK brings in employers from other countries with the help of intra-company transfers to a superior degree than elsewhere in the EU. As a result, the firm makes use of the knowledge of the workers regarding the market of the domestic country. The contemporary business issues faced by UK Multinational companies after UK leaving EU Trading Block are as follows: Sterling One of the most vital contemporary business issues that will be faced by the UK Multinational corporations is the sink in the pound sterling 30 percent. As per the former chief European strategist at the investment bank UBS, the danger of leaving EU is much larger than one can imagine. According to him, a 12 percent fall in the pound against the dollar is one of the biggest dangers. This, in turn, will affect the multinational companies in the UK as the price of the fuel will accelerate on a larger basis. As a result, the foreign holidays will be more expensive (Crines et al., 2016). Figure: The estimate of the impact of Brexit on the British economy (%GDP) (Source: Woodford Funds, 2016) Trade The exports will, as a result, become comparatively cheaper due to the fall in the sterling. However, the exports will become cheaper for a relatively shorter period of time. The UK multinationals company would face the barriers to trade in the form of higher tariffs. It has also been reported, that the GDP in the UK will be more than 2 percent lower than in the counterfactual in the year 2030. It will be mainly due to the combined impact of the trade (Schoof et al., 2015). Year Exports Imports 2004 9.5 3 2005 9.9 4 2006 14 4.8 2007 16 4.9 2008 22 5.2 2009 18 4.2 2010 17 4.2 2011 20 4.5 2012 19.9 4.4 2013 19.8 4.4 Figure: The Trade of the UK with the EU (Source: Woodford Funds, 2016) Employment The service sector that mainly trades with the EU will be hugely affected. As a result, the business that profoundly depends on the migrants will switch to employing the UK nationals. The multinational company in the UK mostly employs the nationals from the EU. However, the decision of UK to leave EU will lead to uncertainty. This also affects the non-UK based employees negatively. The EU workers will also not be able to live in the UK in the long-run. The Multinationals which are mostly IT based will find it difficult to get the IT professionals as it becomes costly for them to recruit the IT professionals from EU. The government in the UK, as a result, has faced appeal to remain open to the EU talent from the multinationals who operate out of UK. Multinationals The multinationals will be significantly affected, and the US rivals will gain a competitive advantage. Rolls-Royce, for instance, is one of the key employers that have warned against leaving the EU. Three-quarters of the workers employed by Rolls-Royce are from EU, and the major customers of Rolls-Royce are the European Aircraft maker Airbus. The multinationals in the UK will face a period of uncertainty, and the uncertainty will be such that the multinationals will not be able to cope with. The business of the multinationals will be greatly harmed as the industries are mostly foreign owned. EU Funding The EU funding will be hugely affected as Britain is one of the principal beneficiaries of the EU funding. As per the reports, the EU research funding to the UK has topped 04 billion. The funding has helped most of the multinationals to set in motion. As a result, most of the EU startups also moved to the UK capital. However, these companies will now be under threat, by some approximation. An assurance was won by UK that it will not suffer any unfairness being outside the euro zone. The reason for the assurance was that Europe was the major financial center of UK, and the underlying reason was to protect the country. In turn, the UK promised not to block deeper euro zone incorporation (Ottaviano et al., 2014). The reduction in the fiscal contribution As per the reports, the average annual gross contribution to the EU from the average of the UK is around 9 billion. Hence, if UK leaves EU in that case UK will no longer be able to make any budgetary contribution. Year Net Contribution Public Sector Receipts UK Rebate 2008 2 8 14.8 2009 5 9 14.9 2010 9 11 15.4 2011 8 11 15.2 2012 10 14 16 2013 11 14.9 17 2014 9 14.8 19 2015 8 11 18 2016 12 15 19.5 2017 7 14 18 2018 8 14.9 18.9 2019 9 15 20 Figure: The contribution of UK to the budget of EU (Source: Hargreaves Lansdown, 2016) Critical literature review The economic consequences are complicated due to the decision made by the UK to leave EU. The reduced integration with the EU countries will be expected to cost the UK economy far more than is achieved from lower contribution to the EU budget. As a result, the GDP of the UK will fall which will be mainly due to the static losses due to the lower trade with the EU. The UK will also not be the part of the contentious TTIP trade deal between the US and the EU. The UK-born workers are especially harmed regarding jobs, wages as well as access to the public services due to the immigration of the individuals from (EU Novy, 2014). The reduction in the financial output as well as the movements that is associated with a possible exit of the UK from the EU will have a negative impact on both the demand as well as the investment. This will in turn lead to the reduction in the employment in the multinational companies in the UK. The employment level is estimated to fall between 1.7 percent and 2.9 percent (Ottaviano et al., 2014). Figure: The Impact of the EU exit (Source: Created by Author) As per the reports, the industry in the UK has benefited from the partnership of the research in Europe, and the researchers have performed well in the EU competition. However, outside EU, the UK would lose the benefits from scale and influence over policy in areas such as energy. As per most of the economists, Brexit will lead to awful ripple effects and as a result, UK will lose the favorable access to the markets in the Europe. The business investment will eventually desiccate and UK will in turn fall over into recession (Piris, 2016). If UK leaves EU, the multinationals will face the uncertainty as the investment activities will be lowered and this will, in turn, lead to the lowering of hiring. The multinationals would also lead to an instant slowdown of growth. One of the major reasons that will lead to the negative future of the UK Multinational companies after UK leaving EU Trading Block will be that the companies will no longer be able to get benefitted from lower tariffs. The growth prospect of the country will be hurt due to the restriction on the immigration. The country will become poorer due to Brexit (Busch Matthes, 2016). As opined by Minford et al., (2015), by removing the tariff as well as the non-tariff barriers which are erected by EU, the UK will gain benefit due to the significant fall in the price of the imports. As per the reports, the tariff-equivalent of EU of all protectionist measures is around 16 percent. If for instance, Jaguar cars are taken into consideration, in this case, it can be noticed that there are a certain price around the world as a brand of luxury car. Jaguar a car mainly competes with the luxury brands which includes BMW, Mercedes, Porsche as well as Audi. As a result, Jaguar has to price its product in such a manner such that it is compatible with the price of its competitors. The prices of the product are mainly drive by the upper middle class in such a way that the demand for the product equals its supply. However, if for instance, the UK leaves EU in that case, Thailand, for example, can impose a higher tariff on the Jaguar. As a result, the price of the Jaguars will increase dramatically in Thailand. Figure: The impact on the GDP of the UK due to Brexit (Source: Created by Author) As opined by Booth et al., (2015), the majority of the trades in UK are conducted by EU. The European Commission also represents the UK as it is the full member of the EU. As a result, the EU has a broad-ranging regulatory impact on the entire financial system of the UK. They further opined, If the EU and the US are successful in concluding an agreement, withdrawal from the EU would see the UK potentially excluded from the two biggest preferential trading arrangements in the world. There will also be a high probability of the cost of losing access to the single market. The single market in the Europe is more than a free trade agreement without tariff. The goods can, as a result, move freely as all the members adhere to common services (Pelkmans, 2016) As opined by Oliver Williams, (2016), if the UK leaves EU it will lead to inward investment which will be mainly due to the outcome. It will also lead to the fear that the makers of the car will downsize, or they might even end their production in the UK. As a result, the vehicles will no longer be exported tax-free to Europe. Most of the employees would lose their jobs due to the fall in trade and investment. This will, in turn, affect the multinational companies in the UK. If UK leaves EU, in that case, a decline in immigration will create more jobs for the local people. However, the shortages in the labor will hold back the economy and as a result, will reduce the potential for growth. Brexit will have a little impact on the UK growth in the medium term. As a result, there will be a chance that will lead to inflation. Brexit will probably have a negative shock to the economy which, will lead to the uncertainty about the future of the multinational companies in the UK (Baker et al., 2016). It has also been pointed out by the author that if UK leaves EU, in that case, UK, will be able to reinstate itself as a genuinely sovereign nation with association with the rest of the world. However, Brexit will lead the country to give up its influence in Europe by turning back the clock and moving back from the global power network of the 21st century (Dorling, 2016). As opined by Leahy Gottlieb, (2016), the multinationals in the UK will have the hardest hit as the pound sterling, and the share prices will fall significantly. In order to stalk the fall in sterling, the Bank of England will increase the rate of interest in the short term. The foreign direct investment in the UK increases the national productivity and also the output and wages. The multinational firms bring in better technological and decision-making knowledge. The international firm comparatively pays higher wages as compared to the domestic companies and as a result, FDI brings in more benefits. However, if the UK leaves the EU, it might lead to the fall in the FDI. The UK is an attractive export platform for the multinationals as it is a single market and they do not bear potentially large costs from tariff as well as non-tariff barriers. The multinationals in the UK also have a multifaceted supply chain and many organization costs between their headquarters and the local branches. However, if the UK leaves the EU, it will become tough to manage. The FDI will also be dampened due to the uncertainty over the shape of the future trade arrangements between the UK and the EU (Ebell Warren, 2016). As opined by Bloom et al., (2012), the multinationals in the UK boost the productivity through the improved technologies as well as the administration practices. The UK multinational companies which are operating in EU needs to comply with the product standards of EU as well as the competition rules of EU. The UK, as a result, needs to continue to operate under the competition rule of EU. As a result, Brexit will provide both cost and benefit to UK and EU. As per the employers of the multinationals, the immigrants from the EU are likely to be much better as compared to that of the UK citizen. They are much more talented and as a result, it will affect the future production of the multinational companies. As opined by Dhingra et al., (2016), the most successful part of the UK manufacturing is cars. However, as per the recent trend, most of the investments that are performed by the car manufacturers are on the new automobiles which will be mainly for sale in the EU market. The automotive industry contributed to more than 5.1 percent of the UK exports in the year 2014. In the case of the automobile industries, Brexit will prove to be disadvantageous. The car production in the UK will become less attractive due to the increase in the trade cost. As a result, it will be made more expensive to ship to the rest of Europe. The coordination cost between the headquarters and the local production plants will also get increased. As opined by Springford, (2014), the immigrants from the EU acted as a boon and not as a burden for the multinational companies in the UK. The immigrants are mainly young and energetic and as a result, they pay more in taxes as compared to the benefits that they take out. The EU immigrants are less likely to take up the benefits as compared to that of the local population in the UK. However, if the UK leaves the EU in that case the government in the UK will have the major probability to restrain the immigration from rest of the Europe. However, immigration, on the other hand, has affected the existing population of the UK in terms of employment. The average UK workers will be worse off due to the fact that the increased immigration had affected the local population. Though, the output and the production of the country and the companies are increased due to a large number of EU individuals migrating to the UK but, the overall population rate is getting affected. This, in turn, will also affect the multinational companies in the UK (Forde Slater, 2016). In recent decades, the demand for both the high and the low-skilled workers has increased in the UK. As a result, the demand for the immigrants has also increased from EU and the supply of the immigrants has also increased (Czaika De Haas, 2013). Identification of best practices Best practices are mainly defined as the methods which are mostly suitable under the circumstances that are considered satisfactory as well as regulated in business. As per the eurosceptics in the UK, it is claimed that the membership of the UK has been destabilized by the fall in the proportion of the trade in UK which, is accounted for by the EU. As per the reports, Britain will hardly have any problem while negotiating a free trade agreement with the EU due to the fact that UK has a large trade deficit with the rest of the Union (Vasilopoulou, 2016) The best practices that are identified after the UK left EU is that the UK will also get liberated from loads of the regulation of EU. As a result, the multinational companies will be able to boost the trade with faster-developing parts of the world. This can be done by getting rid of the tariff as well as signing trade agreements without the restraints of the membership of the EU. The EU has become a less imperative market for the UK as the euro zone has not been able to engineer a continued economy recovery (Crafts, 2016). The UK multinational company needs to utilize the natural workers turnover in order to decrease the number of highly skilled immigrant workers they hire. As a result, the companies in the UK need to scrutinize their strategy of talent in order to ensure that they sustain top talent in the companies (Kierzenkowski et al., 2016). The best practice should also include the fact that the companies should invest more on the education of the domestic employees in order to replace them with the employees of the EU. This will by far be the best practice that the UK decided to exit EU. The reason is that the British will now get their money back. Most of the taxes that are paid by the UK go the European Union. However, the money does not come back to the UK in the form of subsidiaries to the companies in the UK. Regarding the biggest contributor, UK is the second largest contributor to the EU budget after Germany (Simionescu, 2016). The EU members also allow most of the citizen from EU to enter the UK and work for their multinational companies. As per the reports, more than 257,000 EU national entered UK to work in the year 2015. The multinational companies in the UK also had to undergo the laws that were implemented at the EU level (Featherstone, 2016). The UK will no longer be the part of the VAT treaty of the EU. As a result, the best practice will include the fact that the UK will have the liberty to select its low rate of VAT to stimulate the economy. The trade will also become flexible after the exit takes place. The UK will be benefited if it joins the 26 obtainable agreements along with Switzerland in order to negotiate the free trade agreement (Edward, 2013). The aim to leave EU acted as a positive and a constructive vision of sovereignty as well as openness to the world. The positive spirit will help to drive the country for the next steps. The country has got a chance to get rid of the political superstructure of the EU. The multinational companies in the UK that employ the EU employees will need to consider the inherent authority of the British Exit that is Brexit on their future hiring and the overall best practices (Todd, 2016). The labor force management solution will help the companies to fulfill with the employment legislation that includes the right-to-work law. The competitive multinational corporations will be able to retain their best talent if they make use of the tools such as the availability management, flexible benefits and shift trading (Baker Schnapper, 2015). Figure: Economic Interaction in the GCE Model (Source: Created by Author) The GCE model facilitates to account explicitly for the impact of trade relationship. It mainly focuses on the trade relationship as it is obvious that the trade relationship will change once UK leaves the EU. The GCE model takes into account the various macroeconomic variables that include GDP, employment, exports as well as imports and investment, in order to venture the impact of the exit of UK from EU. In the GCE model, the government performs two roles. The two roles that are played by the government involve the collecting of the taxes and the spending of money (Tao et al., 2014). The UK also needs to sign more trade deals with the non-EU countries. The UK also requires submitting of the new schedule after the conclusion of an exit agreement with the EU. This needs to be carried out by the UK in order to remain a WTO member. The new schedule needs to be carried by each of the members of the WTO. As opined by Busch Matthes, (2016) Trade is a very important part of the transmission mechanism through which much of the benefit of the Single Market filters through. The US and the UK can negotiate a free trade area based on the principles of national dominion and the monetary freedom. However, both the nation was unable to do so as the European Union acted as the barrier. The UK companies can also trade with the EU on the tariff free and quota free base. Under the common commercial policy of the EU, the UK needs to confer a single deal with 27 enduring states of the EU. The ability of UK to trade with the US will not be affected on the current terms (James Cardwell, 2016). The best practice is to remove the EU as it is acting as a barrier between the UK and the US in terms of free trade between the multinational companies. In order to regain the authority, the UK must leave the EU. As a result, the country will gain a broader control over the trade, and also the future of the multinational companies will flourish. The generation of the EU is known to create a much wider damage to the UK. The reason is that the UK has a much broader trading relation outside Europe that is with non-EU countries (Bevir et al., 2015). Although the EU is the largest market in the world, however, it is also the only declining trade bloc in the world. The importance of the EU has reduced due to the collapsing share of worldwide GDP and the lethargic rate of growth. The UK can freely pursue an international trade with both China and US in the absence of the EU (Bekaert et al., 2013). Figure: The decrease in the total imports and exports (Source: Trade Statistics, 2016) As per the above graph, it can be seen that the sales of the UK goods to the EU decreased by 8 percent to a six-year low of just 134 billion in the year 2015. The graph shows that the total export of trade in the month of May for the present year was 23.4 billion. This was a decline of 4.3 percent as compared to that of the last month. The total import of trade in the month of May for the present year was 36.1 billion. This was a decline of 11.1 percent as compared to the last month. Conclusion It can be thus being concluded that UK will have the probability of striking new trade deals based on the domestic precedence. However, the country will have a lower priority in other countries as compared to that of EU. The UK will no longer be the part of the VAT treaty of the EU. As a result, the best practice will include the fact that the UK will have the liberty to select its low rate of VAT in order to stimulate the economy. The car industry contributed to more than 5.1 percent of the UK exports in the year 2014. In the case of the automobile industries, Brexit will prove to be disadvantageous. As a result, the vehicles will no longer be exported tax-free to Europe. Most of the employers would lose their jobs due to the fall in trade and investment. The multinationals would also lead to an instant slowdown of growth. 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